Acidity: The stomach is usually protected from acid by a mucous layer. In some cases, due to excess acid production, the mucous layer gets eroded, which leads to complications like acidity, GERD, ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): It is a condition that occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the food pipe (oesophagus). This backflow (acid reflux) irritates the food pipe and causes heartburn.
Erosive esophagitis: It occurs due to the reflux of gastric contents into the stomach, which leads to mucosal injury and damages the tissue lining the oesophagus.
Zollinger Ellison syndrome: It is a condition in which a gastrin-secreting tumour of the pancreas causes excessive acid production leading to ulcers.
Ulcers: Excess acid production damages the lining of the stomach and duodenum (the first part of the intestine), leading to ulcers.